Certificate of Occupancy: What It Is and Why It Matters
28 February 2026
What a Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) is, how it is issued in Nigeria, and why it matters for property ownership.
The Certificate of Occupancy is a key document for land and property ownership in Nigeria. This article explains what it is, how it is issued, and why it matters.
What Is a C of O?
A Certificate of Occupancy is a grant of statutory right of occupancy issued by the state government (or the Minister in the FCT). It confirms that the holder is entitled to use and occupy the land for a specified period, typically 99 years, subject to conditions such as payment of ground rent.
Why the C of O Matters for Sale and Collateral
Banks and buyers prefer property with a C of O because it strengthens title and reduces the risk of revocation or dispute. Without it, property may be harder to sell or use as collateral. Regularisation programmes in some states allow existing occupiers to obtain C of O.
Verifying Your C of O with the Land Registry
Verify the C of O with the state land registry. Check for encumbrances, covenants, and compliance with ground rent. Ensure the property description and survey plan align with the physical site.
Digit Properties offers document verification services (including C of O) so you can transact with confidence across Nigeria. Contact us before you pay the balance on your next property.